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metal prints european metal prints historical metal prints archaeological metal prints archeology metal prints ancient metal prints roman metal prints preserved metal prints italian metal prints papyrus metal prints record metal prints scroll metal prints papyri metal prints national library metal prints villa of the papyri metal prints records metal prints

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Researchers dating papyrus scroll fragments. These fragments are being carbon dated. This involves measuring the proportion of the carbon-14 isotope in the sample. The carbon is extracted (left), forming carbon dioxide. This is condensed at temperatures of -200 degrees Celsius (upper right) and the proportions of isotopes measured and analysed (lower right). The scrolls were found in the library of the Roman Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum, Italy. Upon its excavation, 1800 papyrus scrolls were found, carbonised and preserved by volcanic ash from the eruption of the volcano Vesuvius in 79 AD. Researchers in the Office of Papyri in Italy's National Library, Naples are working to date, decipher and preserve them.

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